English III
InglesEnglish III
Class 1
Grammar
Simple Present
El tiempo Presente Simple es el tiempo de verbo que se utiliza, entre otras cosas, para expresar acciones, eventos o situaciones al momento en que se habla. Por ejemplo:
Ann is a teacher.(Ann es maestra.)
She lives in London.Vive en Londres.
My brother wears glasses.
Mi hermano usa anteojos.
Este tiempo también se usa para expresar acciones habituales, que transcurren con cierta frecuencia. Por ejemplo:
Ann gets up at 7.(Ann se despierta a las 7.)
She usually has breakfast at 8.(Usualmente desayuna a las 8.)
She never arrives late.(Nunca llega tarde.)
Recordemos: Al conjugar los verbos regulares en tiempo presente, debe agregarse para la tercera persona del singular (He / She / It) una "s" al verbo base, mientras que para las demás personas el verbo permanece igual.
I live in London.
You live in London.
He lives in London.
She lives in London.
We live in London.
They live in London.
Pero cuando el verbo base termina en vocal (por ejemplo, "to go") se agrega "es" para la tercera persona del singular:
I go to the cinema.
You go to the cinema.
He goes to the cinema.
She goes to the cinema.
We go to the cinema.
They go to the cinema.
Para realizar preguntas en este tiempo verbal, se usa el auxiliar DO o DOES para la tercera persona del singular, como ya hemos visto. Y se contesta con Yes / No seguido de la persona y su auxiliar correspondiente afirmativo o negativo.
Do you live in London?
Yes, I do.
Does she go to the cinema?
No, she doesn't.
Para realizar una pregunta específica, se usa la "question word" y luego, se sigue el mismo método. Se responde usando la frase completa.
Where do you live?
I live in London.
Where does she go?She goes to the cinema.
Present Continuous
Cuando se quiere expresar una acción que sigue ejecutándose al momento en que se enuncia, se emplea el tiempo Presente Continuo (Present Continuous).
La forma en que se conjuga este tiempo es bastante simple: se usa el verbo to be conjugado en presente seguido del gerundio del verbo en cuestión (se agrega -ing, por lo cual los estudiantes lo reconocen fácilmente).
John is reading a book.
She is having breakfast now.
Para realizar preguntas en este tiempo verbal, se usa primero el verbo to be conjugado, luego la persona y finalmente el verbo.
Is John reading a book?
Yes, he is.
Is she having breakfast now?No, she isn't.
Para realizar una pregunta específica, se usa la "question word" y luego, se sigue el mismo método.
What is John reading?
He is reading a book.
What is she having now?
She is having breakfast now.
Se puede realizar una pregunta mucho más general para saber que está haciendo una persona, usando el verbo to do (hacer).
What are you doing?
I'm reading a book.
Pues entonces, piense cómo diría lo siguiente en inglés?
Estoy usando mi computadora.
Present Perfect
El tiempo Present Perfect se usa para hablar de acciones comenzadas en el pasado y que aún continúan en el presente. Por ejemplo:
I have been here since Monday.(He estado aquí desde el lunes.)
Para formarlo, se usa el auxiliar HAVE, conjugado para la persona correspondiente (cambia solamente para la tercera persona del singular), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.
Observe a continuación la conjugación del verbo SER.
TO BE
I have been
You have been
He has been
She has been
It has been
We have been
You have been
They have been
Para los verbos regulares, el participio pasado se forma tomando el propio verbo y agregando "ed", o "d" si termina en vocal. Si termina en "y", se cambia por "ied".
We have played tennis for two hours.(Hemos jugado tenis por dos horas.)
She has arrived late again.(Ha llegado tarde de nuevo.)
You have studied a lot.(Has estudiado mucho.)
Los verbos irregulares tienen su propio participio pasado y la única manera de aprenderlos es memorizarlos. Normalmente son los que aparecen en la tercera columna de los listados de verbos irregulares en los diccionarios de inglés.
Por ejemplo el participio pasado del verbo TO SEE (ver) es "seen". Siempre es igual para todas las personas.
We have seen many people around here.(Hemos visto mucha gente por aquí.)
She has seen many people around here.(Ella ha visto mucha gente por aquí.)
Para realizar preguntas usando este tiempo, se usa HAVE (conjugado para la persona correspondiente), seguido del sujeto, luego el participio pasado y finalmente el resto de la oración.
Have you had lunch? Has almorzado?
La forma negativa se compone del auxiliar HAVE en su forma negativa (conjugado para la persona correspondiente), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas.
I haven't seen him yet. (Aún no lo he visto.)
Presentamos aquí una pequeña lista de algunos verbos irregulares con su participio pasado. Intente recordarlos!
INFINITIVO PARTICIPIO PASADO
go (ir) gone
have (tener) had
write (escribir) written
read (leer) read
catch (atrapar) caught
fall (caer) fallen
hear (escuchar) heard
see (ver) seen
say (decir) said
give (dar) given
know (saber) known
History of the FIFA World Cup
Questions Now, answer the questions about the text.
1. The first international football match was played in 1872.True.False.We don't know.
2. FIFA was created in 1904.True.False.We don't know.
3. The first FIFA World Cup was played in Uruguay.True.False.We don't know.
4. Uruguay was the first nation to win the World Cup.True.False.We don't know.
Exercise 1
SIMPLE PRESENT
Complete using "live".
01. They .................. in Rome.02.
You ................... in Stockholm
.03. She ................... in the country.
04. We.................... in France.
05. He.................... at 27 South Street.
06. I ..................... near the sea.
07. She ................... in a flat.
Complete using "play".
08. He ................... golf.
09. She .................. tennis.
10. They................. football.
11. He ................... the piano.
12. She .................. the violin.
13. I.................... the flute.
14. She .................. netball.
2.0 Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Present in the statements.
Example: I _____ in the lake. (to swim)Answer: I swim in the lake.
1) We------------- our dog. (to call)
2) Emma ------------in the lessons. (to dream)
3) They--------------- at birds. (to look)
4) John-------------- home from school. (to come)
5) I-------------------- my friends. (to meet)
6) He -------------the laptop. (to repair)
7) Walter and Frank ----------------hello. (to say)
8) The cat ---------------under the tree. (to sit)
9) You ----------------water. (to drink)
10) She -----------------------the lunchbox. (to forget)
Exercise 2
Elija la opción más adecuada para responder a las siguientes preguntas.
Do you play tennis?
Yes, I do.
Yes, I am.
Does she play tennis?
Yes, she do.
Yes, she does.
Is he a lawyer?
No, he isn't.
No, he don't.
Are you a teacher?
Yes, I do.
Yes, I am.
Does he go to school?
No, he does not
.No, he don't.
Is Marvin a doctor?
Yes, he does.
Yes, he is.
Are you a student?
Yes, you are.
Yes, I am.
Does she speak English?
Yes, she does.
Yes, she do.
Exercise 3
Elija la opción más adecuada para responder a las siguientes preguntas.
Is Brian reading a book? Yes, he does. Yes, he is.
What is Brian reading? He's reading a magazine. Yes, he does.
Is Susan writing a poem? No, she is not. Yes, she does.
Is your brother playing hockey? Yes, he is. Yes, she is.
Does your nephew go to school? Yes, he does. Yes, she does.
What is your father doing? He's working. Yes, he is.
Is your aunt studying English? No, he isn't. No, she isn't.
What are you doing?I I'm studying English. You're studying English.
Is your sister using your computer? Yes, she does. Yes, she is.
Exercise 4
Put the verb into the correct form.
Examples: Please don't make so much noise. I am studying (study)
Let's go out now. It isn't raining (not rain) anymore.
Listen to those people. What language are they speaking (they/speak)?
1.Please be quiet. I ------------------(try) to concentrate.
2.Look! It ---------------------(snow).
3.Why----------------------- (you / look) at me like that? Did I say something wrong?
4.You---------------------- (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a little bit quieter?
5.Excuse me, I----------------- (look) for a phone booth. Is there one near here?
6.(at the movies) It's a good movie, isn't it?------------------------ (you / enjoy) it?
7.Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They------------------- (yell) at each other again.
8.Why ------------------(you / wear) your coat today? It's very warm.
9.I -------------------------------(not / work) this week. I'm on vacation.
10.I want to lose weight. I (not / eat) anything today.
Exercise 5
Read the situation and then write an appropriate sentence. USE THE VERB GIVEN.
Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key.
Examples: Would you like something to eat? (no thank you / I / just / have / dinner). No, thank you. I've just had dinner.
1.Have you seen John anywhere? (yes / I / just / see / him)Yes, .
2.Has Ann called yet? (yes / she / just / call).
3.Would you like a cigarette? (no thanks / I / just / put / one out)
Exercise 6
Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key.
1.Sue's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash) She .
2.Tom weighed 190 pounds. Now he weighs 170. (lose weight)..
3.The car has just stopped because there isn't any more gas in the tank. (run out of gas)..
4.This morning Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in a plaster cast. (break)..
InglesEnglish III
Class 2
The Beatles
The Beatles were one of the most influential music groups of the rock era, and many consider them the best musical group on Earth. Initially they affected the post-war baby boom generation of Britain and the U.S. during the 1960s, and later the rest of the world. Certainly they were the most successful group, with global sales exceeding 1.1 billion records.While they were originally famous for light-weight pop music (and the extreme hysterical reaction they received from young women), their later works achieved a combination of popular and critical acclaim perhaps unequaled in the 20th century.Eventually, they became more than recording artists, branching out into film and — particularly in the case of John Lennon — political activism. They achieved an iconic status beyond mere celebrity, with far reaching effects difficult to exaggerate.The members of the group were John Lennon, (James) Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey), all from Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Original drummer Pete Best was asked to leave the group just before it started recording. Stuart Sutcliffe was with them in Hamburg but also left.Beatlemania began in the UK and exploded following the appearance of the Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in the United States, on February 9, 1964. The pop-music band became a worldwide phenomenon with worshipful fans, hysterical adulation, and denunciations by culture commentators and others such as Frank Sinatra.Some of this was confusion over the sources of their music (a similar confusion was evinced in 1956 over Elvis Presley by commentators who were unaware of the tradition of blues, R&B and gospel out of which Presley emerged), and some of it was simply an incredulous reaction to the length of their hair. At any rate, it was regarded by the band members with both awe and resentment.
Questions Now, answer the questions about the text.
1. They were the best selling group in history.True.False.We don't know.
2. All the members were from Liverpool.True.False.We don't know.
3. They appeared on TV on February 9, 1964.True.False.We don't know.
4. There was some confusion about the sources of their music.True.False.We don't know.
5. Their music was copied by Elvis Presley.True.False.We don't know.
6. Frank Sinatra didn't like the Beatles too much.True.False.We don't know.
Gramar
Pasado Simple (the simple past)
Se usa para describir sucesos del pasado, así pues va frecuentemente acompañado de adverbios de tiempo.
Yesterday Ayer
Last night A noche
Last year El año pasado
Last week La semana pasada
Last weekend El fin de semana pasado
Last month El mes pasado
El pasado simple requiere el aprendizaje de los verbos irregulares.
Los verbos regulares forman el pasado añadiendo
Los verbos terminados en-ed se pronuncian de acuerdo con las siguientes reglas.
Los precedidos de una consonante muda[p, k, f, s,] se pronuncian[t]. la-e es muda. Ejemplo: I stop - I stopped
Los verbos terminados en-ed precedidos de una consonante sonora [b, g, v,, z,l, m, n] o una vocal-> se pronuncian[d]. la e es muda. Ejemplo: I clean - I cleaned
Los verbos terminados en-ed precedidos de t o d se pronuncian id
La e cambia a i .Ejemplo:I visit - I visited
El pasado simple
Afirmativo
Yo comí I ate
Tu comiste you ate
El comió He ate
Ella comió She ate
Ello comió It ate
Nosotros comimos We ate
Vosotros comisteis You ate
Ellos comieron They ate
Interrogativo
¿Comí yo? Did I eat?
¿Comiste tu? Did you eat?
¿Comió el? Did he eat?
¿Comió ella? Did she eat?
¿Comió ello? Did it eat?
¿Comimos nosotros? Did we eat?
¿Comisteis vosotros? Did you eat?
¿Comieron ellos? Did they eat?
Negativo
No comí I didn't eat
No comiste you didn't eat
No comió (él) He didn't eat
No comió (ella) She didn't eat
No comió(ello) It didn't eat
No comimos We didn't eat
No comisteis you didn't eat
No comieron They didn't eat
Pasado continuo:
1. Para hablar sobre acontecimientos que estaban ocurriendo en o en torno a un momento particular en el pasado - "I was speaking when the telephone rang." (Estaba hablando cuando sonó el teléfono.) "She was listening to music at noon." (Estaba escuchando música a mediodia.)
2. Para indicar que algo es temporal – "I was living in Madrid." vs. "I lived in Madrid." Ambas oraciones se traducen: "Vivía en Madrid", pero la primera indica que pienso que era una situación temporal.
3. Para dar algo más de información de fondo a una historia o anécdota - "I was living in London when Led Zeppelin gave their first concert in years." (Estaba viviendo en Londrés cuando Led Zeppelin dió su primer concierto después de años.)
4. Para hablar de situaciones que iban cambiando – "It was getting hotter and hotter." (Cada vez hacía más calor.)
Nota: Con el pasado continuo se utilizan dos verbos: la forma correspondiente del verbo "to be" como verbo auxilar y la forma básica del verbo (el infinitivo) como verbo principal (más "ing"). Nota: Normalmente, simplemente se añade "ing" al verbo para formar el verbo principal (Llamado "presente participio" por unos y forma "-ing" por otros). En los verbos de una sola sílaba que acaban en una vocal y una consonante, se dobla la consonante: "sit" = "sitting". En los verbos que acaban en una vocal, una consonante y "e", se quita la "e" y se reemplaza con "ing": "write" = "writing", "rate" = "rating", "like" = "liking".
Afirmativo
I was eating something. Estaba comiendo algo.
Youwere talking to somebody.Estabas hablando con alguien.
He was listening to something.Estaba escuchando algo. (él)
She was reading something.Estaba leyendo algo. (ella)
It was going somewhere.Iba a algún sitio.
You were looking at something.Mirabais algo.
We were wearing something.Llevábamos algo puesto.
They were sitting somewhere.Estaban sentados en algún sitio.
Negativo
I was not eating something. No estaba comiendo algo.
You were not talking to somebody.No estabas hablando con alguien.
He was not listening to something.No estaba escuchando algo. (él)
She was not reading something.No estaba leyendo algo. (ella)
It was not going somewhere.No iba a algún sitio.
You were not looking at something.No mirabais algo.
We were not wearing something.No llevábamos algo puesto.
They were not sitting somewhere.No estaban sentados en algún sitio.
Nota: Contracciones: Se suele contraer "I was not" con "I wasn't", "it was not" con "it wasn't", "you were not" con "you weren't", "we were not" con "we weren't", "that was not" con ""that wasn't", etc.
Interrogativo
Was I eating something? ¿Estaba comiendo algo?
Were you talking to somebody?¿Estabas hablando con alguien?
Was he listeningto something?¿Estaba escuchando algo? (él)
Was she readingsomething?¿Estaba leyendo algo? (ella)
Was it going somewhere? ¿Iba a algún sitio?
Were you looking at something?¿Mirabais algo?
Were we wearing something?¿Llevábamos algo puesto?
Were they sitting somewhere?¿Estaban sentados en algún sitio?
Nota: La palabra "some" y "any" a veces significan lo mismo. La principal diferencia es que "some" se suele utilizar para afirmativas y "any" para negativas y interrogativas. Nota: En el pasado continuo interrogativo simplemente se intercambia el verbo "to be" con el sujeto para hacer la pregunta.
Grammar Exercises
1.0 Completa con el verbo indicado en el pasado simple:
1. He ------------his room green. (to paint)
2. The prisoners -------------last week. (to escape)
3. It---------------- all day yesterday. (to rain)
4. The mechanic -----------------my car. (to repair)
5. My mom to a new apartment last month. (to move)
6. My brother ---------------everywhere for his ring. (to look)
7. She ------------------at me. (to smile)
8. My grandfather ----------------old bottles. (to collect)
9. They ------------------to replace his computer. (to refuse)
10. I ------------------- at her joke. (to laugh)
2.0 Fill in each blank space with the simple past tense of the verb in parentheses.
Yesterday I (to have) ________ a really bad day. I (to wake)
________ up at 9 o'clock because I (to forget) ________ to set my
alarm clock the night before. I (get) ________ up as fast as I (can)
________ and I (to put) ________ on some clothes. I ran into the
Kitchen and (to make) ________ myself a cup of coffee. Then I
________ (to drink) the coffee very fast and I (to run) ________ to
my car. It (to be) ________ a terrible morning!
3.0 Past Simple
1. Yesterday my father (go) ---------to work by car.
2. This morning I (have)---------------- a shower.
3. My sister (not clean) --------------her room on Saturday.
4. The birds (fly) -----------------over our heads.
5. Last week my family (not buy) ----------------a new table for the dining room.
6. The other day, I (lose) --------------my math's book.
7. I (tell)------------------- my mother a lie.
8. We (hear) -------------------a terrible sound outside last night.
9. (you see) -------------------football match Tuesday night?
10. Pau (drink)------------------------ a litre of Coke for lunch yesterday.
4.0 Choose the correct form of the PAST CONTINUOUS tense:
1. The children ________ outside.
a) were playing b) was playing
2. The dog ________ at us.
a) were barking b) was barking
3. My teacher ________ the exercise to me.
a) were explaining b) was explaining
4. I ________ to my mp3 player.
a) were listening b) was listening
5. Those people ________ towards the library.
a) were walking b) was walking
6. The cook ________ a tasty meal.
a) were preparing b) was preparing
7. I ________ to fix my computer.
a) were trying b) was trying
8. My friend and I ________ basketball.
a) were playing b) was playing
9. The police officers ________ the thief.
a) were chasing b) was chasing
10. My sister and my brother ________.
a) were singing b) was singing
5.0 A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm went off. Use the words in parentheses to make sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.
Example: (Michael / take / a bath) Michael was taking a bath.
1.(Ann / write / a letter in her room)
Ann .
2.(George / get / ready to go out)
George .
3.(Carol and Dennis / have / dinner)
Carol and Dennis .
4.(Tom / make / a phone call)
Tom .
